The Ultimate Guide to Whole Milk and Milk Alternatives for Babies and Toddlers

As your baby grows, their nutritional needs evolve, and one of the significant transitions in their diet is the introduction of whole milk or milk alternatives.

Navigating this change can be daunting, mainly because social media has very strong opinions on cow milk vs. milk alternatives (surprise surprise).

This guide covers everything you need to know about whole milk for babies and toddlers, its benefits, and how to transition from formula or breast milk.

Does a Toddler Need Whole Milk?

Babies under 12 months need breast milk or formula to meet their nutritional needs. Since 12-month-olds get most of their nutrients from food, whole milk isn’t always necessary.

There are benefits to whole milk:

• Rich in calcium: Whole milk is an excellent source of calcium, vital for developing strong bones and teeth.

• Healthy fats: The fat content in whole milk is crucial for brain development and overall growth during these formative years.

• Vitamin D: Fortified whole milk is a good source of vitamin D, which helps in the absorption of calcium and supports the immune system.

Whole milk packs a lot of nutrients in a familiar package. This can benefit many toddlers who become more selective about whether they will or will not eat.

>>> Click here for my FREE nutrition guide for one-year-olds. <<<

When to Start Whole Milk for Toddlers

The ideal time to introduce whole milk to your toddler is around their first birthday.

At this stage, most babies have developed the necessary digestive capabilities to process whole milk. Moreover, by one year, your baby’s nutritional needs begin to shift, and whole milk can start playing a crucial role in their diet.

It is a marathon and not a sprint. The goal is to be off formula by 15 months or so, though pediatric providers may have differing opinions.

Whole Milk vs. Breast Milk for Toddlers

Breast milk continues to offer many nutritional benefits even after your baby turns one.

However, whole milk can be introduced as a supplement to breastfeeding if that is desired by the family, especially as your toddler starts eating more solid foods. The fats in whole milk can complement the nutrients found in breast milk.

Switching to Whole Milk for Toddlers

Transitioning from formula or breast milk to whole milk is a significant change for you and your baby. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making the switch:

1. Start Gradually: Begin by replacing one feeding of formula or breast milk with whole milk. Observe your baby’s reaction and ensure they tolerate the new milk well.

2. Mix Milk Types: If your baby is hesitant, try mixing whole milk with formula or breast milk in increasing proportions over a week or two.

3. Monitor for Reactions: Keep an eye out for any signs of intolerance, such as upset stomach, gas, or changes in stool. If you notice any issues, consult your pediatrician.

>>> Moving onto milk is only ONE of the big transitions that happen when your baby turns 12 months. Watch my 55-minute workshop on toddler nutrition, meal & snack ideas, dropping bottles, and milk. Click here. <<<

Can Babies Have Whole Milk?

One of the first questions parents often ask is, "Can babies drink whole milk?" The short answer is no, at least not until they are 12 months old.

Whole milk is unsuitable for infants under one year because their digestive systems are not fully developed to handle the high protein and mineral content.

Additionally, whole milk lacks essential nutrients, like iron and certain vitamins, that are present in breast milk or formula.

Babies can, however, have milk or whole milk as an ingredient within a recipe. In other words, don’t hand your baby under 12 months a cup of milk, but it is okay to make things with milk in them.

Whole Milk vs. Formula for Babies

As your baby approaches their first birthday, you might wonder about the differences between whole milk and formula.

The formula is specially designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of infants, offering a balance of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

While rich in calcium and fats essential for growth, whole milk does not provide the same comprehensive nutritional profile as formula.

Should I Give My Baby Toddler Formula?

Toddler formulas are not necessary in most cases. Your pediatric provider might recommend it for your baby if they are very picky or have specific medical needs.

Toddler formulas are not regulated in the way infant formulas are. Companies do not have to have recipes approved by the FDA; therefore, each toddler formula is different.

If you’d like to offer toddler formula, it is important to do your research.

The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend toddler formulas because they are often high in sugar, though the sugar content varies depending on the formula.

Whole Milk Alternatives for Toddlers

Milk alternatives have gained popularity for various reasons, including dietary preferences, allergies, and lactose intolerance. Here’s a look at some of the most common milk alternatives:

Soy Milk

- Nutritional profile: Soy milk is made from soybeans and is often fortified with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. A typical serving provides about 80 calories, 7 grams of protein, and minimal fat.

- Benefits:

• High in protein: Soy milk is one of the few plant-based alternatives that offers a protein content comparable to cow’s milk, which is important for growth and development.

• Nutrient fortification: Many soy milk products are fortified with essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, making them a good alternative for bone health.

- Considerations: 

• Allergy Risk: Soy is a common allergen, and some children may have a soy allergy. It’s essential to monitor for any allergic reactions when introducing soy milk.

 Almond Milk

- Nutritional Profile: Almond milk is made from ground almonds and water. It’s low in calories (about 30-50 calories per cup) and protein, but it’s often fortified with calcium and vitamin D.

- Benefits:

• Low in Calories: Almond milk is a lower-calorie option, which might be suitable for children who need to manage their weight.

• Allergen-Friendly: For children who are allergic to dairy and soy, almond milk can be a good alternative, although it should be noted that nut allergies are also common.

- Considerations:

• Low protein content: Almond milk provides little to no protein compared to cow’s milk or soy milk, which could be a drawback for children needing more protein.

• Nutrient fortification: Not all almond milk products are fortified with essential nutrients, so choosing a brand that provides added vitamins and minerals is important.

Oat Milk

- Nutritional profile: Oat milk is made from oats and water, and is typically fortified with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. It has about 120 calories per cup and provides a moderate amount of carbohydrates.

- Benefits:

• Digestibility: Oat milk is generally easy to digest and may be suitable for children with sensitivities to other milk types.

• Nutrient content: Many oat milk products are fortified with vitamins and minerals, making them a good alternative for ensuring adequate nutrition.

- Considerations:

• Carbohydrate content: Oat milk contains more carbohydrates compared to other milk alternatives, which might be a consideration for children with specific dietary needs.

Rice Milk

- Nutritional Profile: Rice milk is made from rice and water. It is typically low in protein (about 1 gram per cup) and calories and is often fortified with calcium and vitamins.

- Benefits:

• Hypoallergenic: Rice milk is a good choice for children with soy, nuts, or dairy allergies.

• Mild flavor: Its mild flavor and light texture make it an appealing option for many children.

- Considerations:

• Low Protein Content: Rice milk is low in protein, a critical nutrient for growing children. It’s important to include other protein sources in the diet.

Pea Milk

- Nutritional Profile: Pea milk is made from yellow peas and is gaining popularity as a plant-based alternative. It generally contains about 70 calories per cup, 8 grams of protein, and is often fortified with calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.

- Benefits:

• High in Protein: Pea milk offers a protein content comparable to cow’s and soy milk, making it a strong option for supporting growth and development.

• Allergen-Friendly: It is free from common allergens such as dairy, soy, and nuts, which can benefit children with multiple food allergies.

• Sustainable: Pea milk has a lower environmental impact than other plant-based milk, making it a more sustainable choice.

- Considerations:

• Taste and Texture: Some children may need time to adjust to the taste and texture of pea milk. It has a slightly earthy flavor that might be different from what they are used to.

• Nutrient Fortification: Like other plant-based milks, choosing a fortified variety is important to ensure it provides the necessary vitamins and minerals. Certain kinds of milk, like Ripple Kids, are fortified with fats.

Whole Cow’s Milk vs. Goat Milk for Toddlers

When deciding between whole and goat milk for toddlers, several factors come into play, including digestibility, nutritional content, and potential allergies.

While whole cow milk is more common than goat milk in the US, some families may choose goat milk for easier digestibility. Goat milk contains smaller fat globules and less lactose, making it gentler on a toddler’s stomach, especially for those with mild lactose intolerance or digestive sensitivities. Additionally, goat milk has a slightly different protein structure that may be less likely to cause allergic reactions in some children compared to cow’s milk.

While both whole milk and goat milk provide essential nutrients, the choice between them often comes down to how well your toddler tolerates each type of milk. For families dealing with lactose intolerance, digestive issues, or milk allergies, goat milk can be a suitable alternative that still offers a rich supply of vitamins and minerals essential for healthy development.

>>> Click here for my FREE nutrition guide for one-year-olds. <<<

How Much Whole Milk Should Toddlers Drink?

The recommended amount of whole milk for toddlers between 1 and 2 years old is about 16 to 24 ounces per day if your toddler isn’t getting other dairy sources. This amount provides sufficient calcium and vitamin D while ensuring your toddler has room in their diet for various other foods.

If your toddler suffers from constipation, consider decreasing the amount of whole milk they drink.

Whole Milk and Toddler Growth

Whole milk supports your toddler’s growth by providing essential nutrients. The fats in whole milk are particularly important for brain development, while calcium and vitamin D are crucial for building strong bones. However, it’s important not to rely solely on whole milk to meet your toddler’s nutritional needs.

It is important to offer a diet with fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins for growth and development.

Whole Milk and Iron Absorption in Toddlers

It’s important to note that while whole milk is rich in calcium, it can inhibit iron absorption. This is particularly concerning if your toddler consumes large quantities of milk and insufficient iron-rich foods. To mitigate this, ensure your toddler’s diet includes iron-rich foods such as meats, beans, and fortified cereals. Pairing these foods with vitamin C-rich fruits can also help enhance iron absorption.

Is Raw Milk Dangerous for Toddlers?

While whole milk is beneficial for toddlers, it's crucial to ensure that the milk is pasteurized. Raw milk, which has not undergone pasteurization to kill harmful bacteria, poses significant risks, particularly for young children.

Raw milk can contain dangerous pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, which can lead to severe foodborne illnesses.

Young children, with their still-developing immune systems, are especially vulnerable to these infections, which can result in serious health complications, including kidney failure, severe dehydration, and in extreme cases, death.

For this reason, health authorities strongly advise against giving raw milk to infants, toddlers, or even older children. Always choose pasteurized milk to ensure your child’s safety.

What Milk Should Kids Drink After 2

After your child turns two, their nutritional needs will continue to evolve. At this stage, you may choose to switch from whole milk to low-fat or skim milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends this change to reduce the intake of saturated fats, which can benefit heart health as your child grows.

If you’ve been using alternatives like pea or goat milk, these can still be part of your child’s diet. Just ensure that they’re receiving adequate nutrients from a variety of sources. Water should also become a primary beverage after age two, along with limited 100% fruit juice servings.

Navigating the transition from formula or breast milk to whole milk or milk alternatives can be challenging, but hopefully, this blog makes it more manageable!